最适合网络开发者的网站

JS 教程

JS 首页 JS 简介 JS 去哪儿 JS 输出 JS 语句 JS 语法 JS 评论 JS 变量 JS 让 JS 常量 JS 运算符 JS 算术 JS 作业 JS 数据类型 JS 函数 JS 对象 JS 活动 JS 字符串 JS 字符串方法 JS 字符串搜索 JS 字符串模板 JS 数字 JS 数字方法 JS 数组 JS 数组方法 JS 数组排序 JS 数组迭代 JS 数组常量 JS 日期 JS 日期格式 JS 获取日期方法 JS 日期设置方法 JS 数学 JS 随机 JS 布尔值 JS 比较 JS 如果否则 JS 开关 JS 循环 JS 循环 JS 循环 JS 循环 JS 中断 JS 可迭代对象 JS 集 JS 地图 JS Typeof JS 类型转换 JS 按位 JS 正则表达式 JS 错误 JS 作用域 JS 提升 JS 严格模式 JS this 关键字 JS 箭头函数 JS 类 JS 模块 JS JSON JS 调试 JS 风格指南 JS 最佳实践 JS 错误 JS 性能 JS 保留字

JS 版本

JS 版本 JS 2009(ES5) JS 2015(ES6) 小学 2016 小学 2017 小学 2018 小学 2019 小学 2020 小学 2021/2022 JS IE/Edge JS 历史

JS 对象

对象定义 对象属性 对象方法 对象显示 对象访问器 对象构造函数 对象原型 对象可迭代对象 对象集 对象映射 对象引用

JS 函数

函数定义 函数参数 函数调用 函数调用 功能应用 函数绑定 函数闭包

JS 类

课程简介 类继承 静态类

JS 异步

JS 回调 JS 异步 JS 承诺 JS 异步/等待

JS HTML DOM

DOM 简介 DOM 方法 DOM 文档 DOM 元素 DOM HTML DOM 表单 DOM CSS DOM 动画 DOM 事件 DOM 事件监听器 DOM 导航 DOM 节点 DOM 集合 DOM 节点列表

JS 浏览器 BOM

JS 窗口 JS 屏幕 JS 位置 JS 历史 JS 导航器 JS 弹出警告 JS 时机 JS Cookies

JS Web API

Web API 简介 Web 表单 API 网络历史记录 API Web 存储 API Web Worker API Web 获取 API 网络地理定位 API

JS AJAX

AJAX 简介 AJAX XMLHttp AJAX 请求 AJAX 响应 AJAX XML 文件 AJAX PHP AJAX ASP AJAX 数据库 AJAX 应用程序 AJAX 示例

JS JSON

JSON 简介 JSON 语法 JSON 与 XML JSON 数据类型 JSON 解析 JSON 字符串化 JSON 对象 JSON 数组 JSON 服务器 JSON 格式的 PHP JSON 的 HTML JSON JSONP

JS 与 jQuery

jQuery 选择器 jQuery HTML jQuery CSS jQuery DOM

JS 图形

JS 图形 JS 画布 JS Plotly JS Chart.js JS 谷歌图表 JS D3.js

JS 示例

JS 示例 JS HTML DOM JS HTML 输入 JS HTML 对象 JS HTML 事件 JS 浏览器 JS 编辑器 JS 练习 JS 测验 JS 训练营 JS 证书

JS 参考

JavaScript 对象 HTML DOM 对象

JavaScript。W3Schools 英文版。初学者课程

尿素

ECMAScript 2019


JavaScript Version Numbers

Old JS versions are named by numbers: ES5 (2009) and ES6 (2015).

From 2016, versions are named by year: ECMAScript 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, ...

New Features in ES2019

Warning

These features are relatively new.

Older browsers may need an alternative code (Polyfill)


JavaScript String trimStart()

ES2019 added the String method trimStart() to JavaScript.

trimStart() method works like trim(), but removes whitespace only from the start of a string.

例子

let text1 = "     Hello World!     ";
let text2 = text1.trimStart();
亲自尝试 »

JavaScript String trimStart() is supported in all modern browsers since January 2020:

Chrome 66 Edge 79 Firefox 61 Safari 12 Opera 50
Apr 2018 Jan 2020 Jun 2018 Sep 2018 May 2018

JavaScript String trimEnd()

ES2019 added the String method trimEnd() to JavaScript.

trimEnd() method works like trim(), but removes whitespace only from the end of a string.

例子

let text1 = "     Hello World!     ";
let text2 = text1.trimEnd();
亲自尝试 »

JavaScript String trimEnd() is supported in all modern browsers since January 2020:

Chrome 66 Edge 79 Firefox 61 Safari 12 Opera 50
Apr 2018 Jan 2020 Jun 2018 Sep 2018 May 2018

JavaScript Object fromEntries()

ES2019 added the Object method fromEntries() to JavaScript.

fromEntries() method creates an object from iterable key / value pairs.

例子

const fruits = [
["apples", 300],
["pears", 900],
["bananas", 500]
];

const myObj = Object.fromEntries(fruits);
亲自尝试 »

JavaScript Object fromEntries() is supported in all modern browsers since January 2020:

Chrome 73 Edge 79 Firefox 63 Safari 12.1 Opera 60
Mar 2019 Jan 2020 Oct 2018 Mar 2019 Apr 2019

Optional catch Binding

From ES2019 you can omit the catch parameter if you don't need it:

例子

Before 2019:

try {
// code
} catch (err) {
// code
}

After 2019:

try {
// code
} catch {
// code
}

Optional catch binding is supported in all modern browsers since January 2020:

Chrome 66 Edge 79 Firefox 58 Safari 11.1 Opera 53
Apr 2018 Jan 2020 Jan 2018 Mar 2018 May 2018

JavaScript Array flat()

ES2019 added the Array flat() method to JavaScript.

flat() method creates a new array by flattening a nested array.

例子

const myArr = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]];
const newArr = myArr.flat();
亲自尝试 »

JavaScript Array flat() is supported in all modern browsers since January 2020:

Chrome 69 Edge 79 Firefox 62 Safari 12 Opera 56
Sep 2018 Jan 2020 Sep 2018 Sep 2018 Sep 2018

JavaScript Array flatMap()

ES2019 added the Array flatMap() method to JavaScript.

flatMap() method first maps all elements of an array and then creates a new array by flattening the array.

例子

const myArr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
const newArr = myArr.flatMap((x) => x * 2);
亲自尝试 »

Stable Array sort()

ES2019 revised the Array sort() method.

Before 2019, the specification allowed unstable sorting algorithms such as QuickSort.

After ES2019, browsers must use a stable sorting algorithm:

When sorting elements on a value, the elements must keep their relative position to other elements with the same value.

例子

const myArr = [
  {name:"X00",price:100 },
  {name:"X01",price:100 },
  {name:"X02",price:100 },
  {name:"X03",price:100 },
  {name:"X04",price:110 },
  {name:"X05",price:110 },
  {name:"X06",price:110 },
  {name:"X07",price:110 }
];
亲自尝试 »

In the example above, when sorting on price, the result is not allowed to come out with the names in another relelative position like this:

X01 100
X03 100
X00 100
X03 100
X05 110
X04 110
X06 110
X07 110

Revised JSON.stringify()

ES2019 revised the JSON stringify() method.

Before 2019, JSON could not stringify character encoded with \.

例子

let text = JSON.stringify("\u26D4");
亲自尝试 »

Before ES2019, using JSON.stringify()JSON on UTF-8 code points (U+D800 to U+DFFF) returned broken Unicode characters like ���.

After this revision, strings with UTF-8 code points convert safely with JSON.stringify(), and back to the original using JSON.parse().


Separator Symbols

Line separators and paragraph separator symbols (\u2028 and \u2029) are now allowed in string literals.

Before 2019, these were treated as line terminators and resulted in error exceptions:

例子

// This is valid in ES2019:
let text = "\u2028";
亲自尝试 »

Note

Now, JavaScript and JSON have equal rules.

Before ES2019:

text = JSON.parse('"\u2028"') would parse to ''.

text = '"\u2028"' would give syntax error.


Revised Function toString()

ES2019 revised the Function toString() method.

toString() method returns a string representing the source code of a function.

From 2019, toString() must return the source code of the function including comments, spaces, and syntax details.

Before 2019, different browsers returned different variants of the function (like without comments and spaces). From 2019 the function should be returned exactly as it is written.

例子

function myFunction(p1, p2) {
  return p1 * p2;
}
亲自尝试 »