Django 模型

A Django model is a table in your database.

Django 模型

Up until now in this tutorial, output has been static data from Python or HTML templates.

Now we will see how Django allows us to work with data, without having to change or upload files in the prosess.

In Django, data is created in objects, called Models, and is actually tables in a database.

Create Table (Model)

To create a model, navigate to the models.py file in the /members/ folder.

Open it, and add a Member table by creating a Member class, and describe the table fields in it:

from django.db import models

class Member(models.Model):
  firstname = models.CharField(max_length=255)
  lastname = models.CharField(max_length=255)

The first field, firstname, is a Text field, and will contain the first name of the members.

The second field, lastname, is also a Text field, with the member's last name.

Both firstname and lastname is set up to have a maximum of 255 characters.

Migrate

Now when we have described a Model in the models.py file, we must run a command to actually create the table in the database.

Navigate to the /my_tennis_club/ folder and run this command:

Which will result in this output:

Django creates a file describing the changes and stores the file in the /migrations/ folder:

# Generated by Django 4.1.2 on 2022-10-27 11:14

from django.db import migrations, models


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    initial = True

    dependencies = [
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Member',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('firstname', models.CharField(max_length=255)),
                ('lastname', models.CharField(max_length=255)),
            ],
        ),
    ]

Note that Django inserts an id field for your tables, which is an auto increment number (first record gets value 1, the second record 2 etc.), this is the default behavior of Django, you can override it by describing your own id field.

The table is not created yet, you will have to run one more command, then Django will create and execute an SQL statement, based on the content of the new file in the /migrations/ folder.

Run the migrate command:

Which will result in this output:

Now you have a Member table in you database!

View SQL

As a side-note: you can view the SQL statement that was executed from the migration above. All you have to do is to run this command, with the migration number:

Which will result in this output: